I'm giving my most personal view/analysis on this and you might agree or disagree with it:
The Question:
Extrapolating from the doomed fate of neophobic rats to their human counterparts is diffi cult. “But it means that some thing as simple as a personality trait could have physiological 20_____,” Cavigelli says.
A causes
B disturbances
C factors
D consequences
In my opinion, consequence leads to something while disturbance is the result (of a malfunction) that has been caused,(by something). And since a disturbance could be the result of a consequence, consequence seem more fitting to use in this case. I also think consquence describes something more general, long-term and multifaceted while disturbance describes an exact negative malfunction.
Hence, the disturbance itself is the result of a psychological consequence, and the correct wording of the meaning should be D: "But it means that something as simple as a personality trait could have psychological consequences*."
Helt fantastisk sida! Det var första gången jag gjorde provet och jag har kommit in på min drömutbildning. Så ett stort tack till er, detta hade inte varit möjligt utan er!